What is HOMA-IR?
The Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) is the standard clinical method for evaluating insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta-cell function from a routine fasting blood draw.
While a standard fasting blood glucose test can remain normal for years while insulin resistance develops, elevated fasting insulin reveals how hard the pancreas must work to keep blood sugar in check. HOMA-IR combines both markers into a single diagnostic score.
The Mathematical Formulas
Using Standard US Units (mg/dL & µIU/mL):
HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose [mg/dL] × Fasting Insulin [µIU/mL]) / 405
Using International SI Units (mmol/L & µIU/mL):
HOMA-IR = (Fasting Glucose [mmol/L] × Fasting Insulin [µIU/mL]) / 22.5
QUICKI Index (Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index):
QUICKI = 1 / [log₁₀(Fasting Insulin) + log₁₀(Fasting Glucose)]
HOMA-IR Clinical Reference Ranges
| HOMA-IR Score | Classification | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| < 1.0 | Optimal Sensitivity | Peak metabolic health and high insulin sensitivity. |
| 1.0 – 1.9 | Normal / Healthy | Healthy reference baseline for most adults. |
| 1.9 – 2.9 | Early Insulin Resistance | Early compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Responsive to diet/exercise. |
| > 2.9 | Significant Insulin Resistance | High risk for metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and progression to Type 2 diabetes. |